OVD-Info, which monitors the detention of political protesters and activists, published a list of more than 150 people it said had been detained.
"The police came to the forum of municipal deputies in Moscow. There are 150 people here from all over the country. Everyone is being detained. I mean, everyone," opposition politician Ilya Yashin wrote on Twitter.
The sanctions were a response to what the officials said was a Russian attempt to assassinate Navalny last year, an accusation Russia denies. Biden's predecessor, former President Donald Trump, had not levied punishment on Russia over the Navalny attack.
"The United States is neither seeking to reset our relations with Russia, nor are we seeking to escalate," one official said.
Rouble was 0.7% stronger against the dollar at 73.64 and had gained 0.8% in volatile trade to 88.60 versus the euro.
A trader at an investment company in Moscow told Reuters that reports of softer sanctions expected to be imposed by the United States were largely behind the rouble's swing.
Around 120 km is left to be laid in Danish waters as well as almost 30 km in German waters, before it makes landfall at the northern German coastal town of Lubmin, near Greifswald.
The project has become more politicised after Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny, who was poisoned in August in Siberia and flown to Germany for treatment.
Brent crude oil, a global benchmark for Russia's main export, was down 0.6% at $61.10 a barrel after hitting $61.69 on Wednesday, its highest since late January 2020.
"I stand in solidarity with the three countries that have had their diplomats expelled," Macron told a news conference following a virtual meeting of the France-German Defence and Security Council.
Russia on Friday announced the expulsion of diplomats from Sweden, Germany and Poland, accusing them of taking part in illegal protests last month against the jailing of Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny.
I made it clear to President Putin, in a manner very different from my predecessor, that the days of the United States rolling over in the face of Russia's aggressive actions.
"This is very aggressive, unconstructive rhetoric, to our regret," said Peskov.