Safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese yen jumped to their highest in months on Friday after US air strikes in Iraq killed a senior Iranian military official.
US Treasuries, oil prices and gold rallied after an Iraqi militia spokesman told Reuters that Iranian Major-General Qassem Soleimani and Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis were killed in the attack.
The Pentagon confirmed the strike, saying Soleimani was actively developing plans to attack Americans in Iraq and the Middle East.
The Japanese yen hit a two-month high of 107.92 against the US dollar and was last up 0.5% on the day.
The yen is often seen as a haven from risk, given Japan's status as the world's largest creditor nation. A holiday in Tokyo also made for thin conditions, exaggerating the move.
The rise in the yen sparked a sell-off in the South African rand, which shed nearly 2% of its value against the US dollar, as well as a spike in the Hong Kong dollar, which rose to a 2-1/2-year high.
When investors become risk averse on the back of a risk event in the markets, they tend to offload current positions. Until recently, traders have been long the South African rand and short the Hong Kong dollar, so "whatever the positioning is out there tends to be liquidated", said Neil Jones, head of European hedge fund sales at Mizuho.
"I expect the short-term risk off to remain intact," Jones said.
The Swiss franc, another currency perceived as safe, surged to a four-month high of 1.0824 against the euro. The US dollar hit a one-week high versus the euro.
Ten-year US government bond yields fell to their lowest in three weeks at 1.795%, after trading as high as 1.946% the day before. Bond prices rise as yields fall.
Jeremy Stretch, head of currencies as CIBC, said the fall in US yields showed a reversal of the optimism seen on Thursday.
Market participants are now calculating the risk of retribution from the Iranian side, he said. "We are still waiting and watching to see whether there is going to be (the) dynamic reaction that the initial headlines suggest."
A stronger dollar sent the pound down 0.6% to $1.3058 and 0.2% lower against the euro at 85.19 pence.
Traders will be watching preliminary German inflation numbers for December, due at 1300 GMT. Economists polled by Reuters expect yearly inflation to have risen to 1.4% from 1.1% the month before.
Preliminary data in France showed inflation beating market expectations, rising to 1.6% from 1.2%. Polls had forecast an increase to 1.4%.
An index of US manufacturing activity is also due at 1500 GMT, but markets will be more interested in scrutinizing the minutes from the Federal Reserve's last meeting in December.
Though the Fed has left interest rates unchanged, analysts will look for clues on how the bank is looking to solve the liquidity squeeze in the "repo", or repurchasing agreement, market, CIBC's Stretch said.
Several Fed official are speaking on Friday, including Governor Lael Brainard and the heads of the San Francisco, Chicago, Richmond and Dallas banks.
Analysts expect they will stay upbeat on the economic outlook and reiterate a steady outlook for rates.
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