Spain's public debt will jump to its highest level since at least 1990 this year as the economy sinks into recession, the government said in its budget on Tuesday, worrying investors who sold Spanish bonds. Spain is under intense pressure from the European Union and investors to drastically cut its deficit and prove it will be able to repay its debt without asking for outside help.
Analysts say it will struggle to meet this year's deficit target despite new budget cuts. Investors are worried the euro zone's debt problems are returning, sending the premium they demand to hold Spanish and Italian bonds higher on Tuesday. Spain's debt-to-gross domestic product ratio will soar to 79.8 percent in 2012, below the European average but a big rise from 68.5 percent last year, the budget documents showed.
Final parliamentary adoption of the budget could be delayed until June but a senior European central banker said this was too late, reflecting growing concern among policymakers. "I understand that everyone's in a hurry. We are too," Treasury Minister Cristobal Montoro said as he presented the plan to parliament. He said many of the measures in the budget, which aims to save 27 billion euros ($35.91 billion), are already in place. European Central Bank board member Joerg Asmussen said on Friday the government must speed up the parliamentary process. "The aim is that the budget can have an impact over as much of the current year as possible," he told journalists on the sidelines of a meeting of EU finance ministers and central bankers in Copenhagen, expressing a view widely shared among top EU officials.
Spaniards have been fairly tolerant of his austerity but thousands turned out for a general strike last Thursday in a sign patience may be wearing thin. The government said the country's 17 autonomous regions, which together with local authorities account for around half of all spending, must keep cutting costs.
"Given that a large part of the (deficit) deviation has been produced by the regions, these must, as much as the central administration, adopt the necessary measures without delay to correct this situation," the budget documents said. Some economists say the outlook for Spain is so uncertain that it may eventually have to turn to outside financial assistance like Greece or neighbouring Portugal, to help pay its debts or keep the banking system afloat.
The budget said debt issuance would focus on shorter- rather than longer-term, 15 to 30-year paper, reducing the average maturity of the country's bonds in circulation to between 6.2 to 6.4 years. It did not change its gross issuance plan. Spain has completed 44 percent of its bond issuance programme for this year, with auctions supported by a flood of liquidity from two exceptional European Central Bank loan operations.
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