The International Monetary Fund on Tuesday urged the United States to outline credible measures to reduce its budget deficit, pressuring the White House to detail plans to ratchet down record debt levels. President Barack Obama on Wednesday will offer proposals for reducing the nation's debt, aiming to seize the high ground in a debate over how best to cut red ink.
Republican lawmakers are pushing for deep spending cuts in return for agreeing to raise a limit on the nation's ability to borrow. The IMF said while most advanced economies were taking steps to rein in budget gaps, two of world's largest economies - Japan and the United States - had delayed action to nurse their recoveries.
-- Food and fuel price rises to squeeze emerging markets
The fund said Japan should spell out medium-term fiscal plans as soon as earthquake rebuilding costs become clearer. Japanese authorities said on Tuesday the economic damage from the massive earthquake and tsunami last month is likely to be worse than first thought. US lawmakers reached a last-minute deal on Friday to avoid a government shutdown when they agreed to $38 billion in spending cuts. Now, with the United States about to hit the $14.3 trillion limit on its borrowing authority, the stakes are even higher because of the risk of potential default.
The IMF said "a major" adjustment will be needed in the United States next year to put the budget back on track. The 2007-2009 financial crisis led to a dramatic rise in debt issued by developed nations as governments sought to prop up sinking economies and moved to bail out banks. The lender expressed concern that upcoming elections in the United States, France and Japan could complicate policy efforts needed to lower their debt levels.
The fund said the biggest fiscal burden in advanced economies will come from spending on pensions and health care. New IMF staff projections suggest annual spending on public health will rise by an average of 3 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies over the next two decades, with an increase of 5 percent of GDP in the United States and 2 percent on average in Europe. In emerging market economies, where the IMF sees threats from higher oil prices and inflation, deficits are likely to come down further this year. However, the fund warned that higher food and fuel prices could slow the pace of spending cuts.
Oil exporters are expected to show sharper declines in their deficits, the IMF said. Oil prices rose to above $126 a barrel last week but eased to about $124 on Tuesday. Meanwhile, in the Middle East, widespread protests in countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Jordan, Bahrain and Syria are likely to fuel an increase in spending on subsidies to ease social pressures from higher oil and food prices.
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