Pakistan's failure is not inevitable - III

Resources & Potentials: Coming back to our theme on God-given resources, let us consider the following items:
a) Land & topography
b) Water and its quality
c) Climatic factors
d) Underground resources
e) Potential of natural beauty and landscapes for attracting tourism.
f) Other items.
a) Land
Pakistan is endowed with all types of land features imaginable - from lofty mountains (about 5 out of 14 highest peaks in the world) to extensive sea-shores and everything in between.
i) Geology: The range of rock formations in Pakistan (see table-1).
2) Soils: There are roughly 18 types or sub-groups of soils in Pakistan, located across the country in large or small patches. Exact pin-point locations can only be found in a detailed survey, but the types and sub-groups are listed below:-
i) Loamy and some sandy stratified floodplain soils of the subhumid zone (Ustorthents and Ustipsamments).
ii) Loamy and some sandy young stratified floodplain soils of arid and semi-arid zones (Torriorthents and Torripramments)
iii) Rolling to hilly sandy soils (Torripsamments and some Ustipsamments)
iv) Loamy and clayey noncalcareous floodplain soils of the subhumid zone (Ustochrepts and Heplaquepts)
v) Loamy and clayey noncalcareous old terrace and loess soils of the subhumid zones (Haplustaifts)
vi) Loamy and clayey floodplain soils of semi-arid and arid zone (Camborthids)
vii) Loamy and terrace soils of the semi-arid zone (Camborthids)
viii) Loamy and clayey part saline floodplain soils of the arid zone (Camborthids)
ix) Clayey floodplain soils and some rolling sandy hills (Camborthids and Tonripsomments)
x) Loamy and some clayey floodplain soils of the semi-arid zone part dense saline-alkali (Camborthids and some Halorthids)
xi) Mainly loamy saline estuarine floodplain soils (Camborthids saline and some Salorthids)
xii) Tidal flats
xiii) Mainly loamy, part gravelly valley fill soils with some rock out crops some sand dunes (Camborthids and some Lithic Camborthids)
xiv) Loamy eroded loess and shallow residual soils with some badland and some gullied land of semi-arid and subhumid zone. (Camborthids, Lithic Camborthids, gullied land and badland)
xv) Mainly loamy very shallow steep high mountain soils and rock outcrops (Lithic Eutrochrepts or Dystrochrepts).
xvi) Rock outcrops and loamy very shallow steep mountain soils of mainly arid and semi-arid zones (Rock outcrops and Lithic Camborthids)
xvii) Glaciers and snow-caps
xviii) Playas.
The foregoing information may sound irrelevant to many, but has definite bearing on some of my suggestions that will appear later
(To be continued)