Following a recent visit to the Federal Reserve to inspect a renovation project, the tension between US President Donald Trump and Fed Chairman Jerome Powell was apparent.
The future of Powell’s position remains uncertain, as both appeared tense during their media presentation. When questioned about the Federal Reserve’s renovation exceeding its budget, Trump remarked he would dismiss an employee over it but saw no need to fire the Fed Chairman.
Despite a friction between them, the US dollar strengthened, buoyed by the market’s confidence following Trump’s assurance that Powell would not be let go. Meanwhile, June’s durable goods data was disappointing due to weak orders for transportation equipment; it still exceeded expectations, contributing to Dollar’s recovery. This weakness primarily stems from tariff pressures rather than other factors.
Last week, both existing and new home sales figures fell short of market predictions, placing builders, buyers, and sellers under pressure in a housing market that plays a crucial role in the US economic cycle. Additionally, flash manufacturing PMI readings were weaker than anticipated. The Beige Book indicated that most Federal Reserve districts are experiencing modest growth in lending.
Although there were some slight downward revisions, the overall situation remains tense due to persistent inflationary pressures and tariffs. The Federal Reserve’s meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday is expected to maintain its current policy stance. It appears that the Fed may be gradually moving toward a rate-cutting cycle.
Importantly, the looming August 1 deadline cannot be overlooked. Many of the analysts are predicting that the passing of tariff costs will soon impact consumers due to lag effects, potentially also affecting the labour market.
However, there is a possibility for compromise between the US administration and the Federal Reserve.
As the tariff situation stabilizes, Powell might hint at a data-driven rate cut in September as a conciliatory measure.
As expected last week, the European Central Bank decided to keep its interest rate steady at 2%. With the pause in rate adjustments continuing, the ECB reiterated that its decisions will remain data-driven, making it clear that any future changes in interest rate policy will only be determined during meetings, without early commitments to a particular direction.
This week is filled with significant economic reports from around the globe. Key US indicators to monitor include the 2nd quarter GDP, Personal Income and Spending (PCE), Non-Farm Payroll, and Consumer Confidence.
In the meantime, the market is gearing up for a crucial week as six Central Banks prepare to announce their interest rate decisions. The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) will share its policy rate on Wednesday. Except for the SBP, all the other banks are expected to keep their rates unchanged.
GOLD @ $ 3337.50— This week, market is expected to see volatility. To move higher, gold must surpass $ 3360 to reach $ 3388 or potentially more. However, if it falls below $ 3302, it could decline to $ 3258 or even $ 3226.
EURO @ 1.1742— Euro has strong support at 1.1610 and is expected to remain above this level. If it breaks through 1.1820, it may make a move toward 1.1895. Or else 1.1550.
GBP @ 1.3439— Pound Sterling will continue to face pressure unless it surpasses 1.3570 to reach 1.3620. The risk of decline will rise if it breaks below 1.3280.
JPY @ 147.67— There may still be some losses, but the USD needs to hold 146.20 to make some recovery. If it can break above 148.90, it will pave the way for testing the 150 levels. If not, watch for a drop to 145.40.
SBP meeting today
Last week, there was a notable change in the Pakistani foreign exchange market, a rarity in recent times, as the Rupee strengthened against the US Dollar. On Monday, it was around 285 to 1 USD, but by Friday, the SBP closed at 283.4539. It is said that administrative measures helped PKR to gain some strength. The future trend continues to be uncertain.
Analyzing the data, it appears that Pakistan’s economy is on an upswing. This can be supported by various metrics, for instance, the country’s debt and deficit ratios indicate a stronger economic position compared to some emerging and advanced economies. The region’s challenges, however, play a significant role.
For comparative purposes, consider certain European nations that may hold their credit ratings despite underlying risks. Pakistan’s geographical context and lack of diversity similar to weaker European economies further differentiate its situation. Additionally, geopolitical conditions have shifted considerably.
After three years of struggles, Pakistan’s overall foreign exchange reserves are nearing $ 20 billion, with SBP’s FX Reserves at $ 14.46 billion. The current account balance and the payments position are consistently positive, with remittances steadily increasing. The International Reserve and Foreign Currency position (Derivatives) stands at $ 2.6 billion, while the CDS has sharply fallen by over 1200 basis points.
Pakistan’s international Euro and Dollar bonds are recovering from previous lows, and last week’s credit rating improvement by S & P to B- reaffirms the progress in the economy.
Nevertheless, the primary challenge lies in sustaining and enhancing these economic gains. This can be achieved by energizing economic activity and boosting liquidity via the banking sector, significantly increasing credit availability to the private sector.
However, this alone may not be enough unless the tax-to-GDP ratio needs to be raised significantly.
Despite these encouraging signs and with oil prices around $ 70 per barrel, the Pakistani Rupee should not have depreciated and should have remained stable. A stable PKR will assist the administration and monetary authorities in keeping inflation low, enabling the monetary policy committee to potentially lower the policy rate in alignment with inflation trends. Given these considerations, policymakers on Monday July 28, might think about reducing the interest rates by nearly 100 basis points.
Copyright Business Recorder, 2025
The writer is former Country Treasurer of Chase Manhattan Bank. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the newspaper
He tweets @asadcmka
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