The United Nations' International Labour Organization rarely creates this type of probe, known as a Commission of Inquiry. The last case was launched against Zimbabwe in 2008.
The entrepreneurial association, Fedecamaras, took its complaint to the Geneva-based ILO, alleging it was the victim of multiple violations committed by President Nicolas Maduro's socialist government.
Those included breaching freedom of association rights of unions and trade groups seen as opposed to the government; and raising minimum wages without consulting employers -- a violation of ILO rules.
In a statement, the ILO said its governing body "has discussed this complaint six times since 2015."
It asked Caracas "to take measures to put an end to the alleged interference, aggression and stigmatisation directed against Fedecamaras, its affiliated organisations and its leaders," the statement said.
The ILO also noted that it had to cancel a high-level trip to the country scheduled for last year after the government objected to the mission.