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Analysts polled by Reuters had expected that real wages, which are adjusted for inflation, would rise 4.6 percent in the first month of 2018.
The statistics service revised its assessment of an increase in real wages in December to 6.2 percent from 4.6 percent it reported last month.
Average nominal wages earned by Russians rose 8.5 percent year on year to 38,400 roubles ($680.61) in January.
Real disposable income was unchanged year on year in January, the statistics service said, adding that is has not taken into account a one-off payment of 5,000 roubles that every Russian pensioner received a year ago.