Sweden and Kuwait presented the measure that would also demand an immediate end to sieges, including in Eastern Ghouta where a bombing campaign by government forces has killed more than 240 civilians in five days.
The proposed measure came a day after the council failed to back an appeal by UN aid officials for a month-long pause in fighting.
Russian Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia said it was "not realistic" to impose a ceasefire because armed groups fighting Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's forces were unlikely to uphold it.
Russia has repeatedly blocked action in the council that would put pressure on its ally Assad.
Negotiations on the proposed measure are to begin on Monday and diplomats said it could quickly come to a vote at the council.
It remained unclear whether Russia would resort to its veto to block the draft resolution proposing the 30-day truce, diplomats said.
The measure would decide "that all parties to the Syrian conflict shall immediately abide by a humanitarian pause and cessation of violence throughout Syria, for a period of 30 consecutive days," according to the text.
The draft demands that all sides allow medical evacuations 48 hours after the start of the humanitarian pause.
Convoys carrying food, medicine and other vital supplies would be authorized to make weekly deliveries to civilians in need, in particular to the 2.9 million Syrians living under siege or in hard-to-reach areas.