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It was the second time the 77-year-old president had surgery on his urinary tract in two months. In October, he was operated on to reduce an enlarged prostate that had caused a urinary obstruction.
Temer canceled his scheduled meetings on Wednesday and flew to S?o Paulo for tests that were followed by surgery at the city's S?rio-Liban?s Hospital.
In November, Temer underwent an angioplasty procedure to implant stents in three coronary arteries after his doctors found what they said was a bigger obstruction in one of the arteries.
Wednesday's tests came at a crucial moment in Temer's presidency, as he scrambles to secure votes to pass a pension overhaul bill to help bring Brazil's huge budget deficit under control.