Sall is accused of misappropriating 1.83 billion CFA francs ($2.85 million, 2.7 million euros) of city funds -- a charge which he denies and which supporters say is politically motivated.
Lawyer Demba Cire Bathily told AFP on Friday that his client had received a "subpoena to appear on Thursday before the court... while certain procedures are still underway," adding the "haste" of the justice system was "shocking".
Mayor Sall, a leading opponent of President Macky Sall (no relation) was once seen as a contender for 2019 presidential elections, and a potential threat as the president is seeking re-election.
Khalifa Sall was elected to Senegal's national assembly from prison in July, but his nine-month pre-trial detention has worn on after parliamentary immunity was lifted last month.