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The outgoing government, in which Babis was finance minister until May, proposed a 50 billion crown ($2.31 billion) deficit for next year, after a 60 billion gap planned for this year.
Babis's cabinet is due to be appointed on Dec. 13, raising the risk that the country will run on a provisional budget temporarily early in January.
Parties in the outgoing government, which together have majority in parliament, have all supported the budget draft.