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Left-arm spinner Ravindra Jadeja got the key wicket of Australia skipper Steve Smith for eight, caught by wicketkeeper Wriddhiman Saha. Opener Matt Renshaw had reached 40 and Shaun Marsh was on two at the break.
Indian off-spinner Ravichandran Ashwin took the first wicket when he bowled David Warner for 33 after Australia had added 12 runs to their overnight 40 without loss in reply to India's 189.