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Kalanda, born in 1964, will oversee legal matters at Transneft and will be in charge of government relations, Transneft said in a statement.
Kalanda, who was seen as a close ally of Rosneft Chief Executive Igor Sechin, has worked for around a decade at Rosneft, leaving the post of Rosneft vice-president in May.
A Transneft spokesman said Kalanda will replace vice-president Mikhail Barkov.