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Ukraine harvested a record 70 million tonnes of grain last year, up from about 61 million in 2017.
Exports could rise to about 49 million tonnes in the season that ends in June from 39.4 million the previous season, the ministry said.
Ukraine had exported almost 27 million tonnes of corn and 14.9 million tonnes of wheat as of May 29, it said.
Grains, vegetable oils and oilseeds dominate Ukraine's agricultural exports.