The estimate includes output from mines, from gold as a by-product of other metals, refined from scrap and gold containing concentrate.
Refined gold output from mines rose 7 percent to 271 tonnes and is expected to reach 285 tonnes in 2018, the union said.
Russia is the third largest gold producer behind China and Australia and its central bank is one of the most active buyers for its reserves.
Its 2017 output rose 7 percent to 317.7 tonnes, also led by higher output from mines, Sergei Kashuba, head of the Gold Industrialists' Union, told a conference.
Russia's gold production since 2007 has risen by 5-7 percent per year on average.
Top producer Polyus and Polymetal accounted for most of the growth in out 2017 and are expected to do so again in 2018, data from the union showed.