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The hike in import tax could halt sporadic imports from neighbouring Pakistan, which has been giving a subsidy for the foreign sales.
Sugar prices have fallen 17 percent in the local market since the start of the marketing year on Oct. 1, making it difficult for mills to pay farmers the 11 percent hike in cane prices.
India, the world's second-biggest sugar producer, requires processors to pay cane farmers within two weeks of the harvest.
The south Asian country also raised import duty on chickpeas, also known as chana, to 40 percent from 30 percent, a separate government order said.