Total trade with China, Australia's top partner, grew 23.6 percent in 2010 to $105.3 billion, accounting for 19.1 percent of all imports and exports, the foreign office said in its annual trade report.
Japan came a distant second, at $66.1 billion or 12 percent, followed by the United States, with 9.0 percent or $49.8 billion.
Resources shipments saw total exports to China spike 34.3 percent from 2009 levels, with the value of iron ore exports up 64.3 percent on-year at $49.4 billion and coal 8.9 percent higher at $43 billion.
Both are key steelmaking ingredients.
Minerals exports were worth $69.5 billion in 2010, growing 50.8 percent from the previous year to account for 30.1 percent of total exports, while fuel rose 15.1 percent to $66.6 billion, or a 28.8 percent share.
Australia's total exports grew 13.9 percent to $284.6 billion, with imports also rising 5.4 percent to $267.8 billion.
Copyright AFP (Agence France-Presse), 2011