The actions impose additional sanctions on Iran's "nuclear and ballistic missile proliferation networks" and identifies Iranian "front companies and banks," the Treasury Department said.
"The Treasury and State Department actions target more than 50 entities tied to Iran's procurement, petroleum, and shipping networks," the Treasury said.
David Cohen, the Treasury's under secretary for terrorism and financial intelligence, said the moves take "direct aim at disrupting Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programs as well as its deceptive efforts to use front companies to sell and move its oil."
"We will continue to ratchet up the pressure," he said.
The increasing pressure is designed "to convince Iran to engage seriously and address the international community's concerns about its nuclear program."
The United States and European Union have implemented an oil embargo against Iran, leading to a substantial decline in exports of crude from which the Islamic republic draws two-thirds of its foreign exchange earnings.
Iran has been subject to severe international economic sanctions over its controversial nuclear program, which Western powers believe masks an atomic weapons drive despite repeated denials by Tehran.
In Thursday's actions, the US Treasury and State departments targeted 11 entities and four people, alleging that many of them are part of a network of proliferators headed by Iran's Ministry of Defense for Armed Forces Logistics and its subsidiary, Aerospace Industries Organization.
The Treasury said it was acting to prevent the circumvention of international sanctions on Iran -- including sanctions on oil trade with Iran -- by publicly exposing numerous Iranian front companies, ships and banks that are part of the government of Iran.
Among the entities identified were four "front" companies for the Naftiran Intertrade Company or the National Iranian Oil Company: Petro Suisse Intertrade Company SA; Hong Kong Intertrade Company; Noor Energy (Malaysia) Ltd.; and Petro Energy Intertrade Company.
It also identified the National Iranian Tanker Company as an Iranian government entity and, for the first time, the NITC fleet and various front companies belonging to NITC.
It blacklisted 20 Iranian financial institutions.
"These identifications highlight Iran's attempts to evade sanctions through the use of front companies, as well as its attempts to conceal its tanker fleet by repainting, reflagging, or disabling GPS devices," the department said.