The scheme charges power plants and factories for every tonne of carbon dioxide they emit.

Revenue of companies subject to the ETS were 7-18 percent higher at the end of the period studied than what they would have been without the EU ETS, and their fixed assets grew by 6-10 percent compared to similar sized firms not subject to the scheme, the OECD said.

"No single sector or country - irrespective of its dependence on carbon emissions - has experienced a negative effect from the EU ETS," the report said.