Chasing a target of 268, Afghanistan never recovered from slumping to three for three inside three overs in the Pool A game and were dismissed for 162 in the 43rd over.
Bangladesh had been bowled out for 267 off the last ball of their 50 overs, with Mushfiqur Rahim top-scoring with 71 off 56 balls while star all-rounder Shakib Al Hasan chipped in with 63 off 51 balls.