US core inflation ticks up, may support Fed stance

Rising food and gasoline costs lifted US consumer prices overall in March, but underlying inflation pressures were contained and consumers grew more confident about the economy in early April. Although consumers remained concerned about higher energy and food costs, they saw the sharp rise in gasoline prices as temporary and longer-term inflation expectations eased.
The small rise in core inflation, excluding food and energy costs, and the moderation in long-term inflation expectations may be seen as vindication for officials at the Federal Reserve who have viewed the recent energy price spike as having a temporary effect on inflation.
"This should help to ease inflation concerns at the Fed. With food and energy cutting into consumer spending power, it's difficult for sellers of other goods and services to pass price increases through to the consumer," said Nigel Gault, chief US economist at IHS Global Insight in Lexington, Massachusetts.
The Fed's policy-setting committee meets April 26-27 and debate is most likely to focus on the timing of the withdrawal of some of the massive stimulus it has lent to the economy. Overall consumer inflation rose 0.5 percent in March after increasing by the same margin in February, the Labour Department said on Friday.
But the core consumer price index, watched by the US central bank as a guide to monetary policy, edged up 0.1 percent after rising 0.2 percent in February. Economists had expected core CPI to gain 0.2 percent in March. In other data, the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan's index on consumer sentiment rose to 69.6 in early April from 67.5 in March, above expectations for a reading of 68.5.
Consumers' one-year inflation expectation was steady at 4.6 percent, but their expectations for the next five to 10 years fell to 2.9 percent in April from 3.2 percent in March. Inflation expectations are viewed as a transmission channel for price pressures and Fed officials have said they would monitor them to ensure an inflation mentality does not become ingrained.
Year-on-year consumer prices rose 2.7 percent, the largest gain since December 2009, after increasing 2.1 percent in February. In the 12 months through the end of March, core CPI rose 1.2 percent year-on-year - well below the Fed's preferred level of 2.0 percent - after advancing 1.1 percent in February.
Food and gasoline prices accounted for almost three- quarters of the rise in overall consumer inflation last month. Gasoline rose 5.6 percent, increasing for a ninth straight month, and the index has now risen 14.4 percent over the last three months. Food rose 0.8 percent, the largest gain since July 2008, after increasing 0.6 percent in February. On the core side, shelter costs rose for a sixth straight month, another factor economists said would determine the tone of future Fed statements.
Shelter costs, which account for about 40 percent of core CPI, have suppressed underlying inflation pressures. There were also increases in new and used vehicle prices, air fares and medical costs. Apparel prices fell 0.5 percent after dropping 0.9 percent in February.