January

* 1 - Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the seventeenth Eurozone country.

* 9-15 - Southern Sudan holds a referendum on independence. The Sudanese electorate votes in favour of independence, paving the way for the creation of the new state in July.

* 11 - Flooding and mudslides in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro kills 903.

* 14 - Arab Spring: The Tunisian government falls after a month of increasingly violent protests; President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali flees to Saudi Arabia after 23 years in power.

* 24 - 37 people are killed and more than 180 others wounded in a bombing at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia.

February

* 11 - Arab Spring: Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigns after widespread protests calling for his departure, leaving control of Egypt in the hands of the military until a general election can be held.

* 22 - March 14 - Uncertainty over Libyan oil output causes crude oil prices to rise 20% over a two-week period following the Arab Spring,causing the 2011 energy crisis.

March

* 11 - A 9.1-magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of Japan, killing 15,840 and leaving another 3,926 missing. Tsunami warnings are issued in 50 countries and territories. Emergencies are declared at four nuclear power plants affected by the quake.

* 15 - Arab Spring: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain declares a three-month state of emergency as troops from the Gulf Co-operation Council are sent to quell the civil unrest.

* 17 - Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: The United Nations Security Council votes 10-0 to create a no-fly zone over Libya in response to allegations of government aggression against civilians.

* March 19 - Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: In light of continuing attacks on Libyan rebels by forces in support of leader Muammar Gaddafi,military intervention authorized under UNSCR 1973 begins as French fighter jets make reconnaissance flights over Libya.

April

* April 11 - Former Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo is arrested in his home in Abidjan by supporters of elected President Alassane Ouattarawith support from French forces thereby ending the 2010-2011 Ivorian crisis and civil war.

* April 29 - An estimated two billion people watch the wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton at Westminster Abbey in London.

May

* 1 - U.S. President Barack Obama announces that Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of the militant group Al-Qaeda, has beenkilled during an American military operation in Pakistan.

* 16 - The European Union agree to €78 billion rescue deal for Portugal. The bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund.

* May 26 - Former Bosnian Serb Army commander Ratko Mladic, wanted for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, is arrested inSerbia.[

June

* 4 - Chile's Puyehue volcano erupts, causing air traffic cancellations across South America, New Zealand, Australia and forcing over 3,000 people to evacuate.

* 5 - Arab Spring: Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh travels to Saudi Arabia for treatment of an injury sustained during an attack on the presidential palace. Protesters celebrate his transfer of power to his Vice-President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi.

* 12 - Arab Spring: Thousands of Syrians flee to Turkey as Syrian troops lay siege to Jisr ash-Shugur.

July

* 7 - The world's first artificial organ transplant is achieved, using an artificial windpipe coated with stem cells.

* 9 - South Sudan secedes from Sudan, per the result of the independence referendum held in January.

* 20 -

* Goran Hadzic is detained in Serbia, becoming the last of 161 people indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.

* UN declares a famine in southern Somalia, in thirty years.

* 21 - Space Shuttle Atlantis lands successfully at Kennedy Space Center after completing STS-135, concluding NASA's space shuttle program.

* 22 - 76 people are killed in twin terrorist attacks in Norway after a bombing in the Regjeringskvartalet government center in Oslo and a shooting at a political youth camp on the island of Utøya.

* 31 - September 24 - Arab Spring: Because of the uncertaintities associated with a clamp-down of the free press, at least 121 people belived killed in a Syrian Army tank raid on the town of Hama and over 150 people reportedly killed across the country. The total dead throughout Syria may never be known, but an estimate as of September 24 is 3,000.

August

* August 5

* NASA announces that its Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter captured photographic evidence of possible liquid water on Mars during warm seasons.

* Juno, the first solar-powered spacecraft on a mission to Jupiter, is launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

* 20-28 - Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: In the Battle of Tripoli, Libyan rebels took control the nation's capital effectively overthrowing the government of Muammar Gaddafi.

September

* 5 - India and Bangladesh sign a pact to end their 40-year border demarcation dispute.

* 10 - Zanzibar ferry sinking: The MV Spice Islander I, carrying at least 800 people, sinks off the coast of Zanzibar, killing 240 people.

* 12 - Approximately 100 Kenyans die after a petrol pipeline explodes in Nairobi.

* 19 - With 434 dead, the United Nations launches a $357 million appeal for victims of the 2011 Sindh floods in Pakistan.

October

* October 4

* At least 100 people are killed in a car bombing in the Somali capital Mogadishu.

* In Thailand, 657 people are killed by floods during a severe monsoon season, with 58 of the country's 77 provinces affected.

* The death toll from the flooding of Cambodia's Mekong River and attendant flash floods reaches 207.

* 18 - Israel and the Palestinian militant organization Hamas begin a major prisoner swap, in which the captured Israeli Army soldier Gilad Shalit is released by Hamas in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian and Israeli-Arab prisoners held in Israel, including 280 prisoners serving life sentences for planning and perpetrating terror attacks.

* 20 -

* Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is killed in Sirte, with National Transitional Council forces taking control of the city, and ending the war.

* Basque separatist militant organisation ETA declares an end to its 43-year campaign of political violence, which has killed over 800 people since 1968.

* 23 - A magnitude 7.2 Mw earthquake jolted eastern Turkey near the city of Van, killing 604 people, and damaging about 2,200 buildings.

* 27 - After an emergency meeting in Brussels, the European Union announced an agreement to tackle the European sovereign debt crisis which includes a writedown of 50% of Greek bonds, a recapitalisation of European banks and an increase of the bailout fund of the European Financial Stability Facility totaling to €1 trillion.

* 31 -

* Date selected by the UN as the symbolic date when global population reaches seven billion.

* UNESCO admitted Palestine as a member, following a vote in which 107 member states supported and 14 opposed.

November

* 26 - The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, the most elaborate Martian exploration vehicle to date, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center. It is slated to land on Mars onAugust 5, 2012.

December

* 15 - The United States formally declares an end to the Iraq War.

* 16 - Tropical Storm Washi causes 1,010 flash flood fatalities in the Philippines. 46 people are officially listed as missing.

 

* 31 - 2011 changes into 2012 at midnight

 

Copyright Business Recorder, 2011